1. Location
Location is the location or place where the copypaste of geographic phenomena occurs. The concept of location is divided into two namely absolute location and relative location.a. Absolute Location
Absolute location is a location or place seen from latitude and longitude (astronomical lines). The absolute location is fixed and cannot be moved because it is guided by the earth's astronomical lines. Differences in astronomical lines cause differences in climate (latitude) and time differences (longitude).
An example of Absolute Location Morfologi is that Indonesia is located between 6 degrees LU - 11 degrees LS to 95 degrees BT - 141 degrees East. From the absolute location (astronomical lines) it can be explained that the northernmost location of the country of Indonesia is located at 6 degrees LU (Miangas Island, North Sulawesi), the southernmost location is at 11 degrees LS (Rote Island, NTT), etc.
b. Relative Location
Relative location is the location or place seen from other areas in the vicinity. The relative location can be alternated according to the objects around it.
Examples of Relative Locations are that land prices in the city center are more expensive than land prices in rural areas, or Indonesia is located between 2 continents and 2 oceans. Indonesia's location according to its relative location is located between 2 continents, Asia and Australia, and is located between 2 oceans, namely the Indies and the Pacific. This relative position can vary according to the user's perspective because the relative location is described through objects named by humans for example the names of continents, oceans, islands, seas, etc.
2. Distance
Distance is space or gap that connects between two locations or two objects and is calculated through a count of length and time. The concept of distance has an important role in social, economic, and political life. The concept of distance is divided into two, namely absolute distance and relative distance.a. Jarak Absolute
Absolute distance is the space or gap between two locations that are described or explained through length measurements in units of meters, kilometers, etc. Absolute distance is a fixed distance and cannot be changed.
An example of absolute distance is the distance from Jakarta to Bandung is 150 km. the distance is measured extending from point A (Jakarta) and point B (Bandung) and calculated in units of kilometers.
b. Relative Distance
Relative distance is the space or gap between two locations expressed in the length of the trip or time.
An example of relative distance is the distance between Jakarta and Bandung can be reached within 2 hours passing the Purbaleunyi Toll Road. Of course the relative distance will be different if the toll road condition is jammed or the trip to Bandung does not cross the toll road.
3. Morphology
Morphology is a concept that explains the external structure of the rocks that make up the shape of the earth's surface morphology (beaches, lowlands, highlands, mountains, valleys, etc.).Examples of morphological concepts are:
- Jakarta is a lowland, Bandung plateau.
- Jakarta's trip to Bandung passes through bumpy areas (hills).
- The southern area of DI Yogyakarta is a limestone hill area (karst).
4. Affordability
Affordability is the maximum distance that can be reached from one region to another. Affordability not only depends on distance but also depends on supporting facilities and infrastructure.Examples of affordability concepts are:
- Shopping centers are located in the city center for easy access to locals
- Disaster relief is difficult to reach the location due to heavy terrain
- The Thousand Islands can only be reached by boat from the port of Muara Angke
5. Pattern
Pattern is the form, structure, and distribution of phenomena or events on the surface of the earth both natural phenomena and social phenomena.Examples of pattern concepts are:
- Settlement extends along the Java pantura highway
- Settlements in big cities like Jakarta are built close together
- Elbow-shaped river water is a rectangular stream.
6. Aglomerasi
Agglomeration is the existence of a phenomenon that groups into one form or structure.Examples of agglomeration concepts are:
- Pasar Senen, Pasar Minggu, Pasar Rebo is a grouping of selling places based on market days.
- Industrial activities are concentrated in the Jababeka, Pulogebang, or Tangerang areas.
- In urban areas there is a centralization of the population based on social and economic status through slum areas, upper middle class, and elite areas.
7. Usage Value
Usability value is a concept related to the use value of an area that can be developed into a potential that supports the development of an area.Examples of usability value concepts are:
- The limestone hills (kars) like in Wonosari, Gunug Kidul have many caves and underground springs which are suitable to be used as natural attractions.
- The hot island of Madura and the infertile land are not suitable for agriculture, but from its geographical location much of it is used as a saltfield.
8. Interaction / Interdependence
Interaction / Interdependence is a concept that shows the relationship and dependence of one region with other regions to meet their needs.Examples of the concept of interaction / interpendency namely
- The village as a supplier of labor and the city as a supplier of production materials for the village.
- Onion plants that thrive in Brebes are transported to Jakarta to meet the needs of the urban community.
9. Area Differentiation
Area differentiation is a concept that compares two regions to show differences between one region and another because each region has its own unique characteristics.Examples of area differentiation concepts are:
- In the coastal area, the residents earn a living as fishermen, while in the mountains the people earn a living as farmers.
- Clothing made from cotton is suitable for use in hot areas such as Jakarta, while clothing made from cotton is suitable for use in cold areas.
- The shape of the house of the original inhabitants of Sulawesi is on the stage, while the form of the house of the native Javanese is not on the stage.
10. Relationship of Space
Spatial linkage is a concept that shows the level of inter-regional linkages and encourages inter-regional causal interactions.Examples of spatial linkages concepts are:
- Traffic in Jakarta is always jammed due to the mobility of commuters (workers) whose homes are on the outskirts of Jakarta (Bodetabek) but work in Jakarta.
- The haze that hit Singapore is the result of burning land in Riau, Palembang, and its surroundings that are carried by the wind.
- Talking style of Pak Ruhut from Medan is more copypaste, firm, hard, and fierce. Unlike the style of speaking Pak Joko from Solo who is gentle and polite.
